Hello, everyone!
I am back with another blog post on my DevOps learning journey with 90DaysOfDevops. Today, I will show you how to use Jenkins freestyle project for building and running Docker applications.
What is CI/CD?
CI/CD stands for continuous integration and continuous delivery or deployment. It is a set of practices that help software development teams deliver code changes more frequently and reliably. CI/CD is part of DevOps, which helps shorten the software development lifecycle.
The main concepts attributed to CI/CD are:
Continuous integration: The practice of automating the integration of code changes from multiple developers into a single codebase. It involves building, testing, and merging the code regularly using tools like Jenkins.
Continuous delivery: The practice of automating the delivery of code changes to a staging or production environment where they can be tested further and verified by the stakeholders. It involves deploying the code using tools like Docker.
Continuous deployment: The practice of automating the release of code changes to the end-users without human intervention. It involves deploying the code using tools like Kubernetes.
What is a Build Job?
A build job in Jenkins is a configuration for automating a specific task or step in the application-building process. These tasks include gathering dependencies, compiling, archiving, transforming, testing, and deploying the code.
Jenkins supports different types of build jobs, such as:
Freestyle project: A flexible and easy-to-use type of build job that allows you to configure any build job using a graphical user interface. You can add multiple build steps and post-build actions using various plugins.
Pipeline project: A powerful and expressive type of build job that allows you to define your build job using a script or a graphical editor. You can create complex workflows and stages using Groovy syntax or declarative syntax.
Multi-configuration project: A type of build job that allows you to run your build job on multiple platforms or environments using different parameters or configurations. You can use matrices or axes to define the combinations of parameters or configurations.
Folder: A type of build job that allows you to organize your build jobs into folders or subfolders. You can use folders to group related build jobs or create nested views.
Multibranch pipeline: A type of build job that allows you to create pipelines for different branches of your source code repository. You can use Jenkinsfiles to define your pipelines in each branch.
Organization folder: A type of build job that allows you to create pipelines for multiple repositories in an organization or a team. You can use Jenkinsfiles to define your pipelines in each repository.
What is a Freestyle Project?
A freestyle project in Jenkins is a type of build job that allows you to automate simple jobs, such as running tests, creating and packaging applications, producing reports, or executing commands.
A freestyle project consists of:
General settings: The settings that define the name, description, parameters, options, and triggers of your project.
Source code management: The settings that define how to access your source code from a version control system such as Git, SVN, CVS, etc.
Build environment: The settings that define how to set up your build environment such as environment variables, credentials, tools, etc.
Build steps: The steps that define what commands or actions to execute during your build such as shell scripts, batch commands, Ant tasks, Maven goals, etc.
Post-build actions: The actions that define what to do after your build such as archiving artifacts, publishing reports, sending notifications, etc.
How to Create and Run a Freestyle Project for Docker Applications?
In this section, I will show you how to create and run two freestyle projects for building and running Docker applications.
Create a Freestyle Project for Building and Running a Single Container
In this task, I will create a freestyle project that builds an image for a simple web application using Docker and runs a container using the image.
The web application is written in Python using Flask framework and displays “Hello World” on the homepage.
The Dockerfile for the web application is:
FROM python:3-alpine
WORKDIR /app
COPY requirements.txt /app
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
COPY app.py /app
EXPOSE 5000
ENTRYPOINT ["python", "app.py"]
To create a freestyle project for this task, follow these steps:
Go to your Jenkins dashboard and click on New Item.
Enter a name for your project (e.g., Flask App) and select Freestyle project. Then click OK.
On the configuration page, you can add some description for your project if you want.
Under Source Code Management, select Git and enter the repository URL: https://github.com/ajitfawade/hello-flask. You can leave the other fields as default.
Under Build Triggers, you can choose when you want your project to run automatically. For example, you can select Build periodically and enter a cron expression (e.g., * * * * *) to run your project every minute. For this task, we will leave this section blank and run our project manually.
Under Build, click on Add build step and select Execute shell (or Execute Windows batch command if you are using Windows). This will allow you to run any shell or batch command as part of your project.
In the text area that appears, enter the command docker build -t hello_flask . to build the image for the web application using Docker. The -t flag specifies the name of the image (hello_flask) and the . specifies the current directory as the build context.
Add another build step by clicking on Add build step and select Execute shell (or Execute Windows batch command if you are using Windows).
In the text area that appears, enter the command docker run -d -p 5000:5000 --name flask-app flask-app to run a container using the image created in step 7. The -d flag runs the container in detached mode, the -p flag maps port 5000 of the container to port 5000 of the host, and the --name flag specifies the name of the container (flask-app).
Click Save to save your project.
Now, go back to your Jenkins dashboard and click on your project name (e.g., Flask App). Then click on Build Now to run your project.
You will see a new build number appear under Build History with a blue ball indicating that the build is in progress. You can click on it to see the details of the build.
Click on Console Output to see the logs of the build. You should see something like this:
Started by user Ajit Fawade
Running as SYSTEM
Building on the built-in node in workspace /var/lib/jenkins/workspace/Flask-App
The recommended git tool is: NONE
No credentials specified
> git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir /var/lib/jenkins/workspace/Flask-App/.git
Fetching changes from the remote Git repository
> git config remote.origin.url https://github.com/ajitfawade/hello-flask
Fetching upstream changes from https://github.com/ajitfawade/hello-flask
> git --version
> git --version
> git fetch --tags --force --progress -- https://github.com/ajitfawade/hello-flask +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
> git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/master^{commit}
Checking out Revision ce08b6602fb4a7b1b759ecb2403b1a65ac4695df (refs/remotes/origin/master)
> git config core.sparsecheckout
> git checkout -f ce08b6602fb4a7b1b759ecb2403b1a65ac4695df
Commit message: "initial commit"
> git rev-list --no-walk ce08b6602fb4a7b1b759ecb2403b1a65ac4695df
[Flask-App] $ /bin/sh -xe /tmp/jenkins11088220101026471931.sh
+ echo Build Started...
Build Started...
+ docker build -t hello_flask .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 62.46kB
Step 1/7 : FROM python:3-alpine
---> cecbd2a9585a
Step 2/7 : WORKDIR /app
---> Using cache
---> 10845ae000e5
Step 3/7 : COPY requirements.txt /app
---> ab42686079e7
Step 4/7 : RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
---> Running in f37353f9052e
Collecting Flask==2.1.1 (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))
Downloading Flask-2.1.1-py3-none-any.whl (95 kB)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 95.2/95.2 kB 1.0 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting Werkzeug>=2.0 (from Flask==2.1.1->-r requirements.txt (line 1))
Downloading werkzeug-2.3.7-py3-none-any.whl (242 kB)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 242.2/242.2 kB 8.6 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting Jinja2>=3.0 (from Flask==2.1.1->-r requirements.txt (line 1))
Downloading Jinja2-3.1.2-py3-none-any.whl (133 kB)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 133.1/133.1 kB 2.0 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting itsdangerous>=2.0 (from Flask==2.1.1->-r requirements.txt (line 1))
Downloading itsdangerous-2.1.2-py3-none-any.whl (15 kB)
Collecting click>=8.0 (from Flask==2.1.1->-r requirements.txt (line 1))
Downloading click-8.1.7-py3-none-any.whl (97 kB)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 97.9/97.9 kB 5.5 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting MarkupSafe>=2.0 (from Jinja2>=3.0->Flask==2.1.1->-r requirements.txt (line 1))
Downloading MarkupSafe-2.1.3-cp311-cp311-musllinux_1_1_x86_64.whl (33 kB)
Installing collected packages: MarkupSafe, itsdangerous, click, Werkzeug, Jinja2, Flask
Successfully installed Flask-2.1.1 Jinja2-3.1.2 MarkupSafe-2.1.3 Werkzeug-2.3.7 click-8.1.7 itsdangerous-2.1.2
[91mWARNING: Running pip as the 'root' user can result in broken permissions and conflicting behaviour with the system package manager. It is recommended to use a virtual environment instead: https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/venv
[0m[91m
[notice] A new release of pip is available: 23.1.2 -> 23.2.1
[notice] To update, run: pip install --upgrade pip
[0mRemoving intermediate container f37353f9052e
---> bc907efb1c48
Step 5/7 : COPY app.py /app
---> 209fa5b29c7c
Step 6/7 : EXPOSE 5000
---> Running in ee9b711979e3
Removing intermediate container ee9b711979e3
---> fedc26e26f75
Step 7/7 : ENTRYPOINT ["python", "app.py"]
---> Running in 6ebfa7384c18
Removing intermediate container 6ebfa7384c18
---> 13ca4741eebe
Successfully built 13ca4741eebe
Successfully tagged hello_flask:latest
+ echo Code Deployed...
Code Deployed...
+ docker run -d -p 5000:5000 --name flask-app hello_flask
597e68b6906525eadbe971abd2a9d9b8204b63e058022a09a4698ce2422617b8
Finished: SUCCESS
You can see that the image and the container are created successfully and the container ID is printed at the end.
You can also verify that the container is running by going to your browser and typing http://localhost:5000. You should see “Hello World” on the homepage.
Create a Freestyle Project for Building and Running Multiple Containers
In this task, I will create a freestyle project that builds and runs multiple containers using a docker-compose file.
The docker-compose file defines two services: a web application and a database. The web application is the same as in task-01, but it connects to the database using SQLAlchemy. The database is a PostgreSQL server that stores some data for the web application.
The source code for the web application and the database is available on GitHub: https://github.com/LondheShubham153/two-tier-flask-app
The docker-compose file for the application and the database is:
version: '3'
services:
backend:
build:
context: .
ports:
- "5000:5000"
environment:
MYSQL_HOST: mysql
MYSQL_USER: your_username
MYSQL_PASSWORD: your_password
MYSQL_DB: your_database
depends_on:
- mysql
mysql:
image: mysql:5.7
environment:
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: your_root_password
MYSQL_DATABASE: your_database
MYSQL_USER: your_username
MYSQL_PASSWORD: your_password
volumes:
- ./message.sql:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/message.sql
- mysql-data:/var/lib/mysql
volumes:
mysql-data:
To create a freestyle project for this task, follow these steps:
Go to your Jenkins dashboard and click on New Item.
Enter a name for your project (e.g., Flask DB App) and select Freestyle project. Then click OK.
On the configuration page, you can add some description for your project if you want.
Under Source Code Management, select Git and enter the repository URL: https://github.com/LondheShubham153/two-tier-flask-app. You can leave the other fields as default.
Under Build Triggers, you can choose when you want your project to run automatically. For example, you can select Build periodically and enter a cron expression (e.g., * * * * *) to run your project every minute. For this task, we will leave this section blank and run our project manually.
Under Build, click on Add build step and select Execute shell (or Execute Windows batch command if you are using Windows). This will allow you to run any shell or batch command as part of your project.
In the text area that appears, enter the command docker-compose up -d to start the multiple containers defined in the docker-compose file using Docker. The -d flag runs the containers in detached mode.
Under Post-build Actions, click on Add post-build action and select Execute shell (or Execute Windows batch command if you are using Windows). This will allow you to run any shell or batch command after your build is finished.
In the text area that appears, enter the command docker-compose down to stop and remove the containers defined in the docker-compose file using Docker.
Click Save to save your project.
Now, go back to your Jenkins dashboard and click on your project name (e.g., Flask DB App). Then click on Build Now to run your project.
You will see a new build number appear under Build History with a blue ball indicating that the build is in progress. You can click on it to see the details of the build.
Click on Console Output to see the logs of the build. You should see something like this:
Started by user Ajit Fawade
Running as SYSTEM
Building on the built-in node in workspace /var/lib/jenkins/workspace/Two tier app
The recommended git tool is: NONE
No credentials specified
> git rev-parse --resolve-git-dir /var/lib/jenkins/workspace/Two tier app/.git
Fetching changes from the remote Git repository
> git config remote.origin.url https://github.com/LondheShubham153/two-tier-flask-app
Fetching upstream changes from https://github.com/LondheShubham153/two-tier-flask-app
> git --version
> git --version
> git fetch --tags --force --progress -- https://github.com/LondheShubham153/two-tier-flask-app +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
> git rev-parse refs/remotes/origin/master^{commit}
Checking out Revision e85f7753ad50b1c2e2a044ad598fc39d01379ec4 (refs/remotes/origin/master)
> git config core.sparsecheckout
> git checkout -f e85f7753ad50b1c2e2a044ad598fc39d01379ec4
Commit message: "Merge pull request #2 from AnupamRoy2191/master"
> git rev-list --no-walk e85f7753ad50b1c2e2a044ad598fc39d01379ec4
[Two tier app] $ /bin/sh -xe /tmp/jenkins16701918866267187274.sh
+ echo Build Started...
Build Started...
+ docker-compose up -d
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mysql Pulled
Container twotierapp-mysql-1 Creating
Container twotierapp-mysql-1 Created
Container twotierapp-backend-1 Creating
Container twotierapp-backend-1 Created
Container twotierapp-mysql-1 Starting
Container twotierapp-mysql-1 Started
Container twotierapp-backend-1 Starting
Container twotierapp-backend-1 Started
Finished: SUCCESS
You can see that the containers are created, started, stopped, and removed successfully.
You can also verify that the web application is running by going to your browser and typing http://localhost:5000. You should see “Hello World from Flask and PostgreSQL” on the homepage.
I hope this blog post helps you understand how to use Jenkins freestyle project for building and running Docker applications. In the next blog post, I will show you how to use Jenkins pipeline project for creating more complex workflows and stages.
If you have any questions or feedback, please feel free to contact me on:
Thank you for reading! 😊
